The term special educational needs and disabilities (SEND) is a legal definition for students who require extra support in school. They may have a physical or mental impairment that affects their learning. This is also known as a disability under the Equality Act 2010.

Special Educational Needs and Disabilities  services for students with disabilities that prevent them from making progress in the regular classroom. These needs are identified through assessments and evaluations. This information is then used to create an Individualized Education Program (IEP).

Children with a mental health problem might qualify for special programs, such as autism or ADHD. They could also have emotional problems or behavioural difficulties that impact their learning. Children with sensory and physical impairments might have difficulty with their sight, hearing, or mobility. They might also have a hard time with touch or taste.

Celebrating Achievements: Inspiring Success Stories of SEND Individuals

The last category, Other Health Impairments, covers conditions that limit strength, energy or alertness. For example, children who have asthma or other respiratory issues might not be able to concentrate for long periods of time in the classroom.

During the 1970s, a movement began to deinstitutionalize disabled children from segregated facilities into mainstream classrooms. This movement was fueled in part by civil rights laws like the Brown vs Board of Education decision and the Individuals with Disabilities Education Act. It has taken decades for the education system to make this change possible, with the assistance of advocacy groups and a focus on inclusion in teacher preparation programs.